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Socio Economic


This section examines the socio-economic trends and developments in the region and how they influence the regions, and vice-versa. It contains research on the dynamics in economies and societal trends.

22 July 2021 | Transnational

Migration in the Greater Mediterranean Region



Mediterranean sea-crossing. Root, causes and consequences for International Governance and Human Security

Migration in the Greater Mediterranean Region

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Cities as global actors: Bringing governance closer to the people



[ © Finnish Institute of International Affairs ]

 Globalization and extensive urbanization worldwide have brought cities to the forefront of global governance in a multilateral system designed and created for states. Cities have come to exercise power due in part to the inadequacy or ineffectiveness of inter-state action, but also because their democratic nature and immediate connection to the population make them legitimate actors. This Briefing Paper discusses the changing role played by cities transnationally as actors involved in global governance. It also seeks to increase awareness of the global rise of cities. The paper starts by exploring the empowerment of cities, followed by a discussion on the means through which cities exercise their power, as well as relevant policy sectors that constitute important parts of their global agenda. Finally, the Briefing Paper ponders the implications for the state-dominated international order.  

Reducing global inequality to secure human wellbeing and climate safety: a modelling study



[ © The Lancet Planetary Health ]

 For decades, climate researchers have highlighted the unprecedented emissions reductions necessary if we are to meet global mitigation ambitions. To achieve these reductions, the climate change mitigation scenarios that dominate the literature assume large-scale deployment of negative-emissions technologies, but such technologies are unproven and present considerable trade-offs for biodiversity and food systems. In response, energy researchers have postulated low energy demand scenarios as alternatives and others have developed models for estimating the minimum energy requirements for the provision of decent material living standards considered essential for human wellbeing.